History of the Present by Timothy Garton Ash

Author:Timothy Garton Ash [Ash, Timothy Garton]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 978-0-307-53084-4
Publisher: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
Published: 1999-09-17T04:00:00+00:00

CHRONOLOGY

1996

1 NOVEMBER. Slobodan Milošević’s Socialist Party of Serbia wins Serbian parliamentary elections. In Bulgaria, opposition leader Petar Stoyanov is elected president.

5 NOVEMBER. Bill Clinton is elected for a second term as president of the United States.

17 NOVEMBER. In Serbia, the Zajedno (“Together”) coalition win municipal elections in several major cities, including Belgrade, but the Milošević regime fraudulently denies them their victory.

22 NOVEMBER. Beginning of student demonstrations in Belgrade, protesting the fraudulent denial of opposition victories in municipal elections. In Romania, anticommunist Emil Constantinescu is elected president.

24 NOVEMBER. A referendum in Belarus gives President Lukashenka far-reaching powers, but these are contested by parliament.

13-14 DECEMBER. An EU summit in Dublin agrees on a “stability fact” that would penalize future EMU members who exceed budget-deficit targets.

19 DECEMBER. Denmark, Finland, and Sweden become full members of the Schengen group.

19 DECEMBER. A NATO “Stabilization Force” (SFOR) replaces IFOR in Bosnia.

25 DECEMBER. Italy rejoins the Exchange Rate Mechanism of the European Monetary System.

1997

16-18 JANUARY. Versailles. An Anglo-French meeting in the wonderful Petit Trianon hotel. A tablet in the dining room announces that in this very room M. Clemenceau dictated the terms of peace to the defeated Germans after the First World War. The French delegation to our meeting—a glittering collection of stars from the country’s business, political, and intellectual elite, almost all of them graduates of the grandes écoles—argue with brilliance, lucidity, and near unanimity the French case for the Cartesian imperative of binding Germany into a European monetary union. I cannot help wondering if one day some Germans won’t come to regard monetary union as the new “Versailles.”

20 JANUARY. Bill Clinton starts his second term as president of the United States.

JANUARY-FEBRUARY. In faxes apparently sent from a supermarket in Switzerland, a Kosovo Liberation Army claims responsibility for terrorist attacks on Serb police in Kosovo.

5 FEBRUARY. The Swiss government agrees on a fund to compensate relatives of victims of the Holocaust whose assets were held in Swiss banks.

11 FEBRUARY. The Serbian parliament recognizes opposition victories in municipal elections.

19 FEBRUARY. The European Commission allows Italy to impose a onetime tax to help it try to meet the Maastricht criteria in preparation for monetary union.

21 FEBRUARY. After student and opposition demonstrations force the Serbian regime to recognize the true results of municipal elections, opposition politician Zoran Djindjić starts work as mayor of Belgrade.

MARCH. Albania collapses into anarchy. Arsenals are plundered.

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